CHAPTER 10

Responsible party elections: It is the first way that two-party sistem affect democratic control of governmen.

Prospective votin model: Voters are interested and capable of deciding what government will do in the future.

Electoral competition: Parties compete for votes by taking the most popular positions they can.

Media voter: The exact midpoint of the political spectrum.

Electoral reward and punishment: election in which voters judge how will a group in power has govern and decides if they want this group to continue in office.

Retrospective: Votings look for how well incumbent offcials have done in the past.

Franchise: Each state determine who within its borders was elegible to vote.

Suffrage: The ability to vote, firmly in place for most adult white males in the United States.

Electoral College: The election of the president, even with the existence of its electoral college has become more directly democratic.

Paties began letting voters select many conventions delegates directly in primary elections instead of having party activists choose then in political party conventions in each state.

Caucus: Nominating system use in Iowa. Party supporters and activists hold wide meetints to select delegates.

Caucuses: Instead of primaries few states use Caucuses where active party members and offcials gather in meetings around the states to choose delegates who in turn select the delegates to the national conventions.

Some primaries are open to all voters and some are closed only for those whom register with the party holding the primary elections.

Superdelagates are usually members of congress or local offcials.

Convention: The gathering has become a coronation ceremony in which delegates ratify the selection of the leading candidate.

Electors: The out come of presidential election is determine on the votes in the electoral college. A vote for a presidential candidate whose name appears of the ballot is the actually vote for a state of electors in their state.

Plurality: Magnifies the popular support of winners. A candidate who wins in many states by narrow margin can win a landslide in the electoral college.

Plurality is more than anybody else but less than a majority of all votes.

Los voting Turnout: Rose sharply during nineteenth century and declined in thwenteeth century. In 2004 increased dramatically.

Referenda: Voters go to the polls to make voting choices for a multitude of federal states, and local offices. Often decide on constitutional and policies measures put on the ballot by state legistatures.

Initiatives: Specially in states such as California and Colorado. Many potential voters are overwhelmed by the complexity of the ballot.